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Peer Reviewed Journal Articles
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The journal articles listed below are copyrighted properties
of the publications concerned. Any reproduction or use of part or whole of
the materials must be approved by the journals. The titles of the journals
are linked to their respective websites for access to the articles, some of
which can be downloaded in PDF formats. If you don't have Acrobat
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the software by clicking HERE.
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Title:
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(With Stella Amor Nepal). Visitor impacts on trails in the
Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest)
National Park, Nepal
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Citation:
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Ambio, Vol. 33 (6), pp. 334-340, 2004.
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Abstract:
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This study summarizes findings of a visitor impact study
conducted in the Sagarmatha National
Park in Nepal.
The effect of visitor use, and influence of environmental characteristics
on trail degradation are investigated. Arc/Info GIS has been used to
analyse spatial patterns of impacts. Results suggest a strong correlation
between visitor use and trail degradation. More systematic and experimental
studies are recommended.
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Title:
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(In press) Tourism and remote Mountain settlements: Spatial
and temporal developments in the Mt.
Everest region, Nepal.
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Citation:
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Tourism Geographies
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Abstract:
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This
paper discusses the spatial and temporal effects of tourism on settlement
development patterns and processes in the Everest region of Nepal.
It contributes to the understanding of settlement development stages,
progression through various transitions, factors that contribute to such
transitions, and corresponding changes in functional characteristics of
individual settlements. It concludes that in-depth examination of rural
settlements development processes is crucial in understanding their dynamic
nature, and in developing strategies for their planned development.
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Title:
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Limits to indigenous tourism - An exploratory analysis from
the Tl'azt'en Nations Territories,
Northern British Columbia
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Citation:
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In
Taking Tourism to the Limits - Conference Proceedings. University
of Waikato, 2003.
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Abstract:
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This
paper explores the potential for building capacity to plan and develop ecotourism
in a traditionally forest-dependent indigenous community. The Tl'azt'en
Nations in the Omineca Peace Region of Northern British Columbia represent
communities seeking to revitalize their economic base, due to significant
decline in forestry. This paper is based on fieldwork conducted in 2001 and
2002, which involved two workshops, informal and formal interviews with
members of the Tl'azt'en Nations, semi-structured interviews with selected
guide and outfitters, and an exploratory survey of key tourism sites.
Results show that there is significant potential for ecotourism development
in the Tl'azt'en territory.
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Title:
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Trail Impacts in Sagarmatha National
Park, Nepal:
A Logistic Regression Analysis
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Citation:
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Environmental
Management, 2003, 32 (2). Online issue
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Abstract:
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A trail
study was conducted in the Sagarmatha (Mt.
Everest) National
Park, Nepal,
during 1997–1998. Based on that study, this paper examines the spatial variability
of trail conditions and analyzes factors that influence trail conditions.
Logistic regression (multinomial logit model) is applied to examine the
influence of use and environmental factors on trail conditions. The
assessment of trail conditions is based on a four-class rating system:
(class I, very little damaged; class II, moderately damaged, class III,
heavily damaged; and class IV, severely damaged). Wald statistics and a
model classification table have been used for data interpretation.
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Title:
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Involving Indigenous Peoples in Protected Area Management:
Comparative Perspectives from Nepal,
Thailand,
and China
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Citation:
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Environmental
Management, 2002, 30 ( 6), pp. 748 - 763
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Abstract:
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Despite
over two decades of efforts towards involving indigenous and traditional
peoples in protected area management, there are few successful examples.
Several international principles and guidelines on indigenous peoples'
involvement in protected areas exist. However, because of the lack of
evaluation of whether or not these principles and guidelines have been put
into practice, there is hardly any information that indicates the actual
involvement of indigenous peoples in protected areas. This paper attempts
to compare efforts in partnership between indigenous peoples and protected
area authority in three Asian countries: Nepal,
Thailand
and China.
It shows that the involvement of indigenous peoples is more successful
where park planning is participatory and where political and socio-economic
reforms are underway.
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Title:
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Examining tourism
impacts from an interdisciplinary perspective: The Himalayan case study
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Citation:
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Asiatische
Studien (Études Asiatiques), 2001, 3. Swiss Geographical Studies on Asia,
2002, pp. 777-804
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Abstract:
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This
paper provides a summary of the key findings of a larger interdisciplinary research
project in the Nepalese Himalaya. The paper briefly introduces the themes
and issues covered under the study, and the framework for analysis. It then
summarizes the key findings on the tourism-induced environmental, economic,
and social changes. Finally, it identifies the key elements of change and
compares the economic and environmental benefits and costs of tourism in
the Nepalese Himalaya
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Title:
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Mountain Ecotourism and Sustainable Development: Ecology,
Economics, and Ethics
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Citation:
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Mountain
Research and Development, 2002, 22 ( 2), pp. 4-109
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Abstract:
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Many
mountain communities around the world have promoted ecotourism ventures to ameliorate
problems of environmental degradation and underdevelopment. Although there
is no agreement on what ecotourism is or should be, it is generally
believed that this form of tourism in the mountains will foster responsible
tourist behavior, conservation of important wildlife habitats and
ecosystems, appreciation of local cultures and traditional lifestyles, and
provision of sustainable forms of livelihood for people living in remote
areas and communities.
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Title:
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Tourism as a key to sustainable mountain development: the
Nepalese Himalayas in retrospect.
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Citation:
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Unasylva, 2002,.53 (208),
pp.38-45
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Abstract:
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Tourism
development is an obvious means for achieving sustainable mountain
development, particularly where other economic resources necessary for
development are limited. The evolution and potential for mountain tourism
in the Nepalese Himalayas, socioeconomic changes, and sustainable tourism
in the Himalayan context, are discussed.
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Title:
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Linking parks and people: Nepal's
experience in resolving park and people conflicts
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Citation:
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The International Journal of
Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 2002, 9, pp.
75-90
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Abstract:
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Search
for innovative methods for improving relations between parks and people
have led to various conservation and development projects around the world.
Nepal's
almost three decades of experience in park management in a variety of
institutional settings, offers valuable lessons in the challenges and
opportunities for enlisting local support for conservation. Citing several
macro and micro-level case studies from around the country, this paper
provides a comparative perspective on the significance of tourism-focused
conservation and community development activities in resolving conflicts between
parks and local people.
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Title:
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Tourism and Environment in the Nepalese Himalaya:
Opportunities and Constraints
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Citation:
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Annals
of Tourism Research, 2000, 27 (3), pp. 661-681
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Abstract:
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The Himalayas
in Nepal
have become popular destinations for international tourism, which has
rapidly increased in recent years with serious socio-economic and
environmental consequences. In the light of the recently concluded Visit
Nepal 1998 Year, it is important to reconsider the environmental impacts of
tourism, and reformulate strategies that would make tourism a viable
industry and a sustainable alternative in this country. Drawing from the
experience of the three most popular destinations in the Nepali Himalayas,
this paper discusses some national level policies and issues.
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Title:
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(With Urs Wiesmann). Tourism, environment and sustainable development:
Reflections on the Nepal Himalayas Protected Areas
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Citation:
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IITTM
Journal of Travel and Tourism, 1998, 2 (1), pp. 17-35.
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Abstract:
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This
paper briefly discusses tourism growth in Nepal
and the role of mountain parks and protected areas in tourism development.
It highlights the major tourism-induced environmental impacts in three
popular mountain destinations, and examines the past and current strategies
adopted in the three destinations. It then discusses policy and management
issues dealing with the development of a viable and sustainable tourism
industry in Nepal.
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Title:
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Sustainable tourism, protected Areas and livelihood needs of
local communities in developing countries
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Citation:
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The
International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology,
1997, 4,
pp. 123-135
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Abstract:
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During
the last two decades, extensive networks of protected areas in many
developing countries have stimulated growth in protected area-based
tourism. As protected area tourism occurs in isolated and remote rural
regions, it is often assumed that such regions will experience stimulation
of economic activities induced by tourism from which local people will be
able to derive tangible benefits. Evidence suggests that this is rarely the
case. Indeed, in the majority of protected areas, benefits have hardly
reached the local community which bears the heaviest burden of protected
area management. When a protected area is established and opened for
tourism, it is often outsiders who rush in to siphon-off a major portion of
the tourism income generated locally.
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Title:
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(With K. E. Weber). A buffer zone for biodiversity
conservation: Viability of the concept in Nepal's
Royal Chitwan
National Park
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Citation:
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Environmental
Conservation, 1995, 21 (4), pp. 333-41.
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Abstract:
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The
buffer zone created for the Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal's first
protected area, is considered an effective means to mitigate and contain the
Park-local people conflict. Its creation adjacent to the national park will
enable local people to engage in multiple use activities that will provide
benefits not only to themselves but protects the park's integrity as well.
The park does not have any area that, to date is exclusively designated as
a buffer zone. Parts of the zone have reduced direct park people conflicts,
but at the cost of some biological values. The paper examines the strengths
and weaknesses of the buffer zone.
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Title:
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(With K. E. Weber). Managing resources and resolving
conflicts: national parks and local people
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Citation:
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The
International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology,
1995, 2,
pp. 11-25
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Abstract:
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One of
the major management problems in protected areas of developing nations is
the ever more intensifying land use disputes with local, often native,
people. The customary rights of local people over natural resources, if
curtailed by the establishment of national parks, and their disregard by
decision-makers, have given rise to open conflicts, thus jeopardizing
conservation goals. These conflicts have tremendous impact on the
management of natural resources, not only within the park ecosystem but
also in its surroundings. This paper briefly discusses the paradigm of
national park establishment and its impact on local livelihood. It then
highlights major sources of conflicts which have occurred in national parks
in developing countries.
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Title:
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(With K.E. Weber). Prospects for coexistence: Wildlife and
local people in and around Royal Chitwan National Park,
Nepal
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Citation:
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Ambio, 1995, 24 (4), pp. 238-45.
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Abstract:
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Findings
of a field survey on the interface between local people and wildlife in the
Royal Chitwan
National Park explore the
potential for co-existence of wildlife and local people. Based on three distinct
areas defined by their distance to the park, the complexity and dynamics of
local people's perceptions, attitudes and motivation toward wildlife
conservation are analyzed. The findings indicate that although local people
disliked the restrictions imposed by the park authority, curtailing the use
of park resources, they take a positive attitude to wildlife conservation.
Their active involvement in protection and conservation could be secured if
due conservation is given to their needs, which would have to be addressed
in the overall planning and management of the park.
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Title:
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(With K.E. Weber). The Quandary of Local People-Park
relations in Nepal's
Royal Chitwan
National Park
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Citation:
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Environmental Management,
1995, 19 (6), pp. 853-66.
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Abstract:
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This paper
analyzes five major causes of park people conflicts that have occurred at Nepal's
Royal Chitwan
National Park. The cause
includes illegal transactions of forest products from the park, livestock
grazing in the park, illegal hunting and fishing, crop damage and threats
to human and animal life caused by wild animals. The conflicts indicate
reciprocal relationships between the park and local people. They reflect
the attitudes of local people and representatives of park authority whose
priorities and objectives largely diverse. An integrated approach is
essential if efforts to resolve the park-people conflicts are to succeed.
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